Energy Security And The United States - 1553 Words

Introduction Introduction Energy is more than a utility that keeps the lights on in our homes or the gas in our cars; it’s a foundational resource that plays a key role in a nation’s ability to provided economic opportunity and basic services and security to its people. As such, it is imperative to a nation’s overall security that it develops/acquires access to energy, ensures energy needs are properly met and supplies are readily available, and disruptions minimized. Policy directs that the U.S. has a role in developing energy security throughout the world. For the U.S., we’ve long recognized the importance of energy security and have gone to great lengths to ensure its protection by developing depth and breadth in energy capabilities,†¦show more content†¦For the purpose of this paper, we’ll focus on the energy security of the USSOUTHCOM Area of Responsibility (AOR), specifically on the countries of Latin America, which include Central and South America. The reason for our focus is due in part to their geographic proximity and relatively good political and economic relationships. We’ve often taken for granted Latin America’s proximity to the U.S. and haven’t viewed it as a direct threat to our national security, at least in the sense that we don’t see them as a military threat. Yet, now with globalization (ease of transportation, information; global markets opening) and reduced U.S. influence; U.S. can no longer take for granted the isolation of two oceans. Other countries (China, Russia, Iran, and India) are developing relationships and using economic power (to include nuclear capabilities) influence Latin America and possibly creating instability in the region. Currently, USSOUTHCOM has yet to specifically address energy security as a Line of Effort. In USSOUTHCOM’s posture statement, the Commander specifically addresses security from a traditional military perspective with its priorities as being Countering Transnational Organized Crime, Counterterrorism, Building Partner Capacity, Contingency Response, and Detainee Operations. With this paper, we’ll propose a change to USSOUTHCOM Theater Campaign Plan that addresses energy security within its

Analysis Of The Movie 21 Jump Street Essay - 894 Words

21 Jump Street is a movie that revolves around two undercover police officers. It all started in high school. Schmidt was a less popular honor roll student where as Jenko was a popular jock who lacked the necessary intelligence to get through high school. After graduation, both Schmidt and Jenko joined the police force, which sparked their unexpected friendship. Jenko saw the benefit of befriending the more intelligent Schmidt and Schmidt noticed the athletics of Jenko to use to his benefit. After graduating from the police academy, the pair fall short of being considered quality police officers. Luckily for them, they are assigned to an undercover unit on Jump Street. Their task is to infiltrate a drug dealer’s operation and to find who is distributing synthetic drugs to high school students. During their undercover investigation, they are in awe as they discover the extent of how stereotyping has changed from when they were high school students. However, it remains somewhat the same in the respect that stereotyping still defines everyone within the school. Many people have an oversimplified and erroneous view of a certain group of people. Stereotypes are typically associated with having negative connotations of a particular group of people. In many occasions, positive qualities of the group are overlooked and they are instead categorized by social norms created by stereotypes. Stereotyping affects everyone, whether it is through the discrimination of age, race, genderShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie 21 Jump Street 2648 Words   |  11 Pagesweek something is â€Å"in† then the next week it is totally â€Å"out†. Imagine having to go back to school 10-15 years after graduating and trying your best to fit and blend in with the teenagers of that time period. In the movie, 21 Jump Street, that is what they attempted to do. The movie is starring Channing Tatum and Jonah Hill. It’s about two police officers who are forced to reliv e their high school days. They are assigned to go undercover as high school students to prevent the outbreak of a new syntheticRead MorePsychodynamic Personality Profile of Johnny Depp Essay2209 Words   |  9 Pagesby themselves have their disadvantages as well as their advantages. If all perspectives can coincide with one another, explanations of personality will become so much easier. The psychoanalytic perspective is the most interesting theory of the analysis of an individual and their personality. Initially developed by Freud during the latter half of the 1900s, it deals with, among other things, the irrational and less predictable patterns of behaviour and human thinking, which is what most other theoriesRead MorePromotion Of The Archery Trade Association1112 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media †¢ Pros o Multiple social media channels o All ages are susceptible †¢ Cons o Difficult to penetrate †¢ Costs o Limited costs o Facebook ads are a part of an auction price. Set a budget; Facebook negotiates the ad time (Facebook, n.d.) Movie Theatre Previews †¢ Pros o Archery related films o Wide variety of demographics †¢ Cons o The costs †¢ Costs o The company would need to develop a commercial/advertisement o 15 second spot on a 14 screen-theater costs $20.00 per screen per week (LinkedRead MoreMattel and the Toy Recalls1684 Words   |  7 Pages Masters of the Universe, American Girl dolls, board games, WWE Toys, and early-1980s video game systems. Mattel â€Å"designs, manufactures, and markets a broad variety of toy products worldwide through sales to its customers and directly to consumers.†21 Mattel’s position as a leader in the global toy industry was so formidable that Mattel’s international business division with gross sales of $ 2.7 billion in 2006 would be the industry’s third largest company, if it was a separate company, and Mattel’sRead MoreCostco SWOT Analysis2102 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Selina Palmer Professor Assuma MKTG 305 December 8, 2014 Costco SWOT Analysis Costco is a wholesaler since it buys products from suppliers and resells them to both retailers and consumers. Costco is the second largest retailer in the United States. Its greatest advantage is its wide range of merchandise. Costco has many locations and has retail outlets in other countries. Originally, Costco was merged with Price Club and the original executives belonged to both companies. However, Sol and RobertRead MoreBenjie6743 Words   |  27 Pageswell-lit stores. To remain family-oriented, the chain does not carry videos with anything more than an ―Râ€â€" rating. Blockbuster quickly took over the market. The original system pioneered the use of bar codes. Customers carried a bar-coded ID card and movie cases were printed with specific codes. The computer system made checkout easy and enabled people to return videos afterhours simply by placing them in a drop box. The company initiated a three-night, $3 rental program, making it easier to rent videosRead MoreAirheads Business Analysis Essay34215 Words   |  137 PagesStrategic Analysis Project Airheads Trampoline Arena 26th July 2012 Table of contents Executive Summary 7 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Introduction 9 Family Entertainment Center Industry 9 Market Size 9 Sales Growth 10 Stages of Industry Life Cycle 11 Trend 12 Key Competitors 12 Pest Analysis 13 Exhibit 1: Factors of the PEST Analysis 14 Political and Legal Factors 14 Economic Factors 16 Read MoreAnalysis of Amores Perros Essay2861 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of Amores Perros The Urban Environment of Mexico City, As Presented in Amores Perros Amores Perros represents the feature film directorial debut of Alejandro Gonzà ¡lez Ià ±Ãƒ ¡rritu and was written by Guillermo Arriaga, the craftsman behind such acclained Hollywood successes as 21 Grams and Babel. It is perhaps no surprise then that this pairing, of inspired passion and experienced creativity, resulted in a film that won 52 of the 69 total awards for which it was nominated world-wide,Read MoreMotivations of the Protagonist Amir Khan in The Kite Runner: An Analysis of Human Behavior4923 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿An Analysis of the Human Behavior Motivations of Kite Runners Protagonist Amir Khan Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Case Description: Kite Runner Basis 3 Identifying Information 3 Presenting The Problem 4 Developmental History 4 Theoretical Analysis 6 Systems Ecology Theory 6 Psychodynamic Theories: Attachment, Self-Efficacy, and Parental Investment 8 Learning Theory: Moral Development 11 Post-Modern: Hyper-Masculinity Theory 12 Theory Critique 14 Conclusion 16 Read MoreNetflix Strategy27689 Words   |  111 PagesNETFLIX: A COMPANY ANALYSIS Table of Contents I. Wall Street Journal Article and Executive Summary ..4 I A. Wall Street Journal Article 4 I B. 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My Business Free Essays

My Fitness Academy will be set up at Copiague, in New York 11726 Great Neck Road in the polish center. It will be called Martas Academy aiming at making people fit by integrating dance and exercises The business is based on two simple facts: Healthy people are more productive than those that are chronically ill. It costs less to prevent injuries or illnesses than to treat them after they occur. We will write a custom essay sample on My Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now At this Fitness Academy, we believe that traditional approaches to the current health care crisis are misdirected. These traditional efforts are what we call reactive, that is, they wait until after a person has been stricken with illness or injury, and then pay for the necessary treatments. Our approach, will emphasize on prevention and good health promotion, is much more proactive. 2.0 The Academy Fitness management is based on the belief that healthy people are more productive and efficient. For this reason, it will provide wellness strategies/programs to club members. This will combine dance and exercise-related activities designed to facilitate positive lifestyle changes in members. 2.1 Academy Ownership and Start up Capital The Academy will be a privately held business with one founder and owner. Start-up capital will require approximately $60,000 which will all be provided by the founder. Approximately $30,000 will be allocated to leasehold improvements and $15,000 to equipment. 3.0 Services In my business, classes will be offered in both English and Polish languages. This will mean that those who do not understand English can attend the lessons offered in Polish. I also intend to offer superior customer services in a clean and enjoyable environment. I will also make the lessons affordable to people by charging a membership fee of $50 since my target group will have a house income of $50,000-$60,000 per year. So a membership of $50 will be quite reasonable and affordable. The level of education will not matter as long as one understands either English or polish. The Academy will offer a number of lessons. They include yoga lessons, Pilates, choreographed dances for children between ages 3- 6 and other kind of dances. For instance, I will be having school children interested in the choreographed dance, couples who want to learn how to dance and keep fit as well and yoga will be ideal for a number of people and especially pregnant women. The lessons will also be spread throughout the day in order to have a good timetable for everyone. This will ensure that the lessons are easily accessible and that no one is left out because of time. The Academy will have a flexible timetable whereby one can have a variety of lessons to choose from in terms of time. One can either attend morning, noon, and evening or late night classes. 4.0 Promotion Strategy Initial promotional activity will be through advertisements. This will be in form of printed posters placed at strategic positions like at the neighboring businesses where many people/ customers visit. I will also place advertisements on the church and school bulletins. Promotional activity will also be utilized through other media outlets like the news papers and Radio, but minimally. Word-of-mouth will also attract potential clients. 5.0 Management Summary The Academy will be a small business headed by one individual. He will be aided by a number of experienced trainers but as the business grows, more staff will be employed to cater for the business’s growing needs. References Rhonda, Abrams. (2003). The Successful Business Plan: Secrets Strategies. London: The planning Shop    How to cite My Business, Essay examples

Tort Law for Essendon Football Club- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theTort Law for Essendon Football Club. Answer: Issue According to the case study the issue is whether Essendon Football Club is liable for the health issues suffered by Nathan Howlett-Murray and his 3 year old daughter for their health issues due to the program of administering certain supplements to its professional ethics which is also known as the supplement program. Rules According to the case study the Essendon Football Club held liable for the health issues of the participants in the Australian football league sessions[1]. The football club has provided some supplement program which causes health and safety issues of the footballers and Nathan Howlett-Murray who was suffering for the health issues along with his 3 years old daughter. Therefore it is a case of negligence where the football club has breach their duty of care and breached the rules of duty of care[2]. It is a case of breach of duty of care due to the negligence who owns the duty towards the other person. In the case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson[3] where it has been found that the person who is providing the service to the consumer has breach the duty of care while he serving the beer bottle, the plaintiff had found there is a decomposed Snail in the bottle which make her sick and therefore she claims compensation from the service provider for the breach of Duty. it is a breach of duty of the restaurant attendant who is serving the drinks[4]. The negligence has been found on the breach of the duty of care of when a person make the damages to the another person. The suffered person either got injuries or any other property damage which makes the negligence by the service provider. The negligence only occurs when the duty of care is not perform and when the duty of care breached and along with negligence also applied to the situation. In the case of Strong v Woolworths Limited [2012] the duty of care has been found by the defendant who failed to provide proper service to the plaintiff where he breach the duty and cause damages to the plaintiff [5]. In the case of D'Arcy v The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane [2017] where the court has found that plaintiff has stated that breach has occur due to the negligence of the duty of care by the employees while he was driving. However it is the beach of duty and in another case The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane v Greenway [2017] it was found that the defendant was fined with penalties for breach the duty of care and occur negligence towards the plaintiff who got injuries by the defendant[6]. In another case Stokes v House With No Steps [2016] the court has been found the significance of the breach of duty of care by the defendant who cause several damages to the plaintiff due to the negligence. The plaintiff also stated in the court that she was injured at her workplace while the defendant failed to comply the duty of care towards a disable person and it cause injury and damage with the plaintiff[7]. When a breach has caused the Civil Liability Act provides the provisions in the tort law where the injured person can take the precaution against the damage if any negligence occur by the defendant. In another case Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999)[8] the court describe the duty of care of the employment where defendant has failed to satisfy the terms of duty of care. Therefore the negligence occurs and cause damage to the plaintiff. According to the tort law of negligence the plaintiff who suffered the damage can claim the compensation for the negligence of duty of care towards the service provider[9]. Here according to the case study the football club arranged for the supplement program and participation on that program, footballers affected where they suffered loss of sponsorship, loss of income, emotional distress and loss of reputation which are the highly cause damages for the career of the players. Here Nathan Howlett-Murray has claimed that due to this supplement program he and hi s 3 years old daughter also suffered several health issues. Therefore he can claim the damage according to the civil liability act for breach of the duty of the care by the Essendon Football Club [10]. Application When the negligence occurs due to the breach of duty of care by the defendant as per the law of tort it should prove the elements of the negligence for the duty of care. Negligence is defined as exercise of acts where it failed according to the appropriate and ethical rules of the specified circumstances. The law of torts establishes the terms of negligence where it must cause any harm for failing the carelessness of that particular circumstances[11]. Therefore it is the duty of the people that they must not exercise negligence which make a potential harm to another person or any property. Due to the negligence when the plaintiff suffers any loss he or she may able to sue the defendant for the damages and claim the compensation for the harm due to the negligent. In damage any loss can occur which includes physical injury, any harm to the property or any psychiatric illness or any economic loss[12]. The essential terms or elements of the negligence our duty of care breach of Duty causing fat proximate cause and damages. Those are: Duty or duty of care is one of the important terms in negligence. When the defendant owned the duty of care towards the plaintiff then according to the law of tort there should be a recognized relationship will be established between the defendant and plaintiff and the defendant is obliged to the duty of care[13]. Therefore the duty of care can be determined by anybody who is providing any act of services to another person and the duty always establishes under a particular set of circumstances towards the plaintiff by the defendant. When a negligent occurs, the courts always try to find such duty which has establishes the relationship between the defendant and the plaintiff[14]. For example if the dependent loading a bags of vegetables into a truck and suddenly he strike with one child with one of the back then the defendant instantly owned the duty to the child because when the defendant loading the bags with vegetables he is performing the duty of care to handling the bags of vegetables with proper care at the presence of the child. Therefore the existence of the reasonable duty of care should be established and the court also likes to find the relation between the child and the defendant who owned a duty to the child. However it is also mention that as it was a private property of the defendant and he has no knowledge about the presence of the child who was trespassing his property if any accident occur on that time the court will find less that whether the defendant owned or duty or not[15]. The breach of duty of care only occurs when the defendant is liable for breach the duty which he has owns to the plaintiff. When the defendant has failed to satisfy the term of duty of care then the breach occur. In the breach of duty of care most of the time the defendant is knowingly do the act with the substantial clauses or risk or loss to the plaintiff and breach the duty. Therefore when they fails to know about the substantial risk of loss towards the plaintiff for the active breach of duty of care then according to the tort it will make the negligence. In the case of McHale v Watson [1966] the court has found that the defendant owned a standard of duty of care towards the children where a 9 years old girl was hurt forcefully with a short metal rod by a 12 year old girl which makes the girl blinded in one eye. Therefore in this case the court has found that the 12 year old child has make the harm to the 9 year old child but she has no knowledge about the cause of accident because she was not cross the stage of development where she was on the duty of care[16]. Another term in negligence case is causes in fact where the plaintiff should prove the cause of the injury which has done by the defendant. The causes in fact define that the plaintiff should establish such statement that if the defendant did not involve in the actions then the plaintiff would not have any injuries or harm. Therefore according to the example of the defendant where he owns a duty while he is loading the truck with the bag of vegetables. The defendant has stopped his actions while he identify a child is near to him. Therefore the defendant alertness of moving the vegetable bags not cause any harm to the child. Therefore when the plaintiff held liable to the defendant for the negligence for the loss or damage it is necessary to prove the cause of the substantial damage of the plaintiff. When defendant owned the duty of care and while he breaches the duty and causes the injury or any loss it is necessary to prove the actual cause of breach of Duty he is the reason for the injury or damage or any loss by the plaintiff[17]. The proximate cause is related with the defendants responsibilities in the negligence. While proving the actual cause of injury or damage by the defendant the plaintiff needs to prove the actual reasons. However in the negligence cases the defendant only held responsible for harms or loss which has been occurred due to his actions. If any damage occur totally outside of the scope of the risk then plaintiff never able to prove the cause of damage which is known as proximate cause. The legal area of remoteness or position should be not too remote or not a proximate cause. If any harm occur for any other reason along with dependent action towards the plaintiff then it is necessary that the plaintiff will only held liable the defendant for that only clause of injuries or damages[18]. In the part of damages it is necessary to establish the facts where the defendant has intentionally caused the damage to the plaintiff. In the cases of negligence the harm only occurs according to the action of the defendant. If there is a breach of Duty establishes and that breach cause pecuniary injury to the plaintiff then it cause the damage and if the negligence occurs mistakenly by the defendant then it will be difficult for the plaintiff to prove the cause of the harm of the plaintiff[19]. In the law of tort the damage of the plaintiff could be effected as physical, economic or both which make the loss of personal injury or reputational damages. It will also recognize as negligence. The emotional distress is also a part of tort due to the injury or any economic loss the plaintiff can face the emotional distress however it is recoverable. In the law of tort the damages is recognized as a monetary loss or monetary value where the ham or loss occurs for the negligence by the defendant. Therefore the plaintiff need to prove the area of facts where due to the negligence, the defendant make the damages to the plaintiff which is monetary loss and in that matter it also possible to recover the economic loss. If the plaintiff successfully established effects where he is suffering from monitory loss then it is possible to clean the damages from the defendant and it can be claimed due to the loss for the negligence. According to the case study Essendon Football Club has engaged a program of administering certain supplement to its professional athletes where it has been found that this football club has reached the world anti-doping authoritys requirements. Therefore due to the breach of the occupational health and safety laws in Victoria the court has find $200,000 as the compensation of the beach of Duty. The football players have suffered loss of sponsorships. Loss of income, emotional distress and loss of reputation[20]. However one of the players Nathan Howlett-Murray make allegation against Essendon Football Club for the health issues suffered by himself and his 3 years old daughter where he mentioned that due to the supplement program he and her daughter is suffering the health issues. Therefore the Essendon Football Club has breach the duty of care because when the players are playing under this football club, it is the duty of the Essendon Football Club that they should take care about t he players while they are going to participate in Australian football league season. However it has been found that it is a case of breach of duty of care by negligence of the Essendon Football Club[21]. Conclusion According to the case study it has been found that the Football club has breached the duty of care toward Nathan Howlett-Murray and her daughter who are suffered by the health issues. Now the Essendon Football Club is bound to pay the compensation to him for the damages which he has suffered along with her daughter[22]. Reference Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999) D'Arcy v The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane [2017] Donoghue vs. Stevenson Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). Gray, A., 2016. Liability of police in negligence: a comparative analysis. Tort Law Review, 24(1), pp.34-62. Stewart, P. and Stuhmcke, A., 2014. High Court Negligence Cases 200010. Stokes v House With No Steps [2016], Strong v Woolworths Limited [2012] 246 CLR 182 The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane v Greenway [2017] McHALE v. WATSON [1966] HCA 13; (1966) 115 CLR 199 Greenfield, S., 2016. Legal Cultures and the Regulation of Coaching Practice: Different Jurisdictions, Different Approaches?.Staps, (4), pp.87-96. Levy, N.M., Golden, M.M. and Sacks, L., 2016.Comparative Negligence, Assumption of the Risk, and Related Defenses(Vol. 1). California Torts. Verbruggen, P., Wolters, P., Hildebrandt, M., Sieburgh, C. and Jansen, C., 2016. Towards Harmonised Duties of Care and Diligence in Cybersecurity Atkin, L., 1932. Donoghue v Stevenson. AC, 562, p.580. Dobbs, D.B., 2001. The law of torts (Vol. 2). West Group.

Bangladesh Commercial Bank free essay sample

We have collated data relevant to national commercial banking sectors that have been published by central banks, regulators and/or trade associations, as well as basic information concerning individual market participants. We have also considered the current views on the economic outlook for the country in question. Many aspects have been – and continue to be – brought together in a systematic way through our proprietary Commercial Bank Business Environment Ratings (CBBER), which facilitate cross-country comparisons. In Q309 the authors continued to extend the scope of its commercial banking report series, both in terms of the depth in which individual states are assessed and the number of banking systems analysed. Enhanced Global and Regional Context We have expanded our coverage of the global and regional banking sectors to ensure that developments in individual banking are placed firmly within the context of neighbouring and linked markets. Separate regional overviews have been provided for emerging Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Bangladesh Commercial Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The aim is to flag up pan-regional developments, highlight countries that stand outside regional trends and isolate potential systemic risks. Expanded Universe of Commercial Banking Sectors This quarter we are launching 13 new country reports.

What Is the New SAT Like Student Reactions to the Test

What Is the New SAT Like Student Reactions to the Test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The newly redesigned 2016 SAT debuted on March 5th. If you haven't taken it yet, you may be wondering what to expect: What is the New SAT like? What did students think of the exam? Was it easier or harder than the old SAT? How did it compare to the ACT? In this article, I’ll discuss the reactions to the new SAT and talk about what it means for you. How Is the New SAT Different? If you’re already familiar with what changes were made to the SAT, feel free to skip this section. If you’re completely unfamiliar with the changes, I highly recommend reading our full in-depth analysis of the changesbefore continuing this article. I’ll describe the new major changes in brief.The new SAT has a 400-1600 scoring scale, instead of the 800-2400 scale.There are two sections (graded from 200-800) instead of three: Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing.The Essay is now optional and no longer counts towards your over 400-1600 score but instead receives its own score.There is no longer a penalty for guessing which means answering a question incorrectly or skipping the question will result in the same score. The Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section is composed of two parts: the Writing Test and the Reading test.Also, the Reading no longer has vocabulary sentence-completion questions and instead consists of five passages: one passage in US and World Literature, two passages in History/Social Studies, and two passages in Science.The Writing test no longer asks individual sentence questions but instead asks questions related to 4 passages.In the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section, you’ll need to be able to read graphs, tables, and other scientific data to answer certain questions. The Math Section is divided into two parts: non-calculator test and calculator test.There has also been a content shift: focus on algebra, decreased focus on geometry, the addition of a few trigonometry and imaginary number questions. What Is the New SAT Like? Survey Results The College Board conducted a survey of 8,089 students who sat for the March 5th new SAT.However, the College Board didn't publish the results of the entire survey. They simply chose the data they wanted to publish on their site.Therefore, I’d recommend you view the findings cautiously since the College Board has a lot to gain by saying the new exam is better than the old. According to the College Board’s survey, 71% of students said the new SAT reflected what they’re learning in high school. By a 6 to 1 margin, students said they preferred the new SAT over the old SAT. 75% of students said the Reading Test was the same as or easier than they expected. 59% of students said the Math section tests the skills and knowledge needed for success in college and career. From the survey results, we can see that students heavily prefer the new SAT to old SAT, which makes me think this new test is a lot easier than the old test.The majority of students seem to have thought the Reading Test was easy, which aligns with the student reactions(which I'll discuss below). For the Math section, the College Board didn’t say how students felt about it, but rather shared that 59% of students felt the Math section tested important skills (which is not very helpful for us to know).The absence of a statistic about how students felt about the Math section makes me wonder if students thought the math was extremely difficult. If the Math section is more difficult, that would align with the student reactions (which I show below) and would be bad for the College Board since their goal in creating the new test was to create a test that more accurately reflected what students learned in school and matched up to that difficulty but did not exceed it. Kaplan also conducted a survey; however, they only surveyed 521 studentswho sat for the March 5th new SAT, so it was a much smaller sample size than that of the College Board (8,089). Like the College Board,Kaplandidn't publish the results of the entire survey. Instead, they chose the data they wanted to publish on their site.I’d recommend you view the findings of this survey cautiously since Kaplanhas a lot to gain by saying the new exam is challenging to draw more students to their prep program. According to Kaplan's survey, 16%of students responded that the new SAT â€Å"very much†reflected what they’re learning in high schoolwhile 56% responded â€Å"somewhat,† 23%responded â€Å"not too much,† and 5% responded â€Å"not at all.† 59% of students said thequestions were straightforward and easy to follow though 58% also said they found the length of the sections tiring. 48% of students said the test was about as difficult as they expected, 30%thought it wasmore difficult than expected, and 22% thought it wasless difficult than expected. 41% of students found the Math section more difficult than expected.56% of students said they felt comfortable doing math without a calculator. If you group the "very much" and "somewhat" responses, about 72% of students felt the test reflected what they're learning in school, which matches up with the 71% of students in the College Board survey. Otherwise, the Kaplan results vary from the College Board results because the questions students were asked in each survey was different. The results of Kaplan's survey seem pretty non-conclusive. Most of the percents are around 40-50% which means about half of students felt the opposite: 59% of students found the test straightforward, but that means 41% didn't find the test straightforward. 58% of students found the length of the sections tiring, but that means 42% didn't find the length tiring. For the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section, Kaplan didn't provide any survey results.The absence of a statistic about how students felt about this section makes me wonder if students thought thesection was relatively easy. If theEvidence-Based Reading and Writingsection is not very difficult, that would align with the student reactions (which I show below) and wouldn't be greatfor Kaplanto advertise since they want students to buy their SAT prep materials. What did the students really think? Student Reactions to the New SAT For those who took the first session of the new SAT on March 5th, how did they feel? Here are some reactions from students on Twitter andthe College Board survey: Math Section Reactions @CollegeBoard need more time on no calculator part. I'm fast at math, but not that fast. - Serena (@cheeselover012) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard there was not enough time for the math portion. Especially the first section!! 25 minutes is wayyyy too short😒 - Delaney Schindler (@Laney_Schindler) March 6, 2016 @CollegeBoard You can't expect me or any math wizard to finish the math sections so fast. No one in my class finished it completely! - Tyler Iacona (@tyleriacona) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard the no calculator portion of the math portion, as many other people have also testified to, was nearly impossible to finish. - chlà ¸e (@pointe314) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard absolutely no way for me to finish the no calculator section that's saying a lot seeing as I can finish the ACT math section - Sabrina (@sabrinaelena98) March 5, 2016 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section Reactions @CollegeBoard I absolutely ADORED the articles in the Reading section. There were some really scrumptious pieces - especially in science. - Lucia Stark (@LuciaStark8) March 5, 2016 â€Å"I felt like I had a good amount of time to completely read through the passages and select my answers as well as review some of the ones that were difficult for me.† –Elizabeth, 17, WA Overall New SAT Reactions @CollegeBoard pros: writing section was less arcanecon: it's not possible to complete that 25 min math section in 25 min - Fassih Sherazi (@fxuzzy) March 5, 2016 @CollegeBoard Pro- similar to the ACT making it easier to study strategies for both together. - Elizabeth Yousey (@YouseyElizabeth) March 5, 2016 What Does This Mean for You? I’m going to base my advice here off of both student reactions and the College Board Kaplan survey results.However, my advice is more heavily swayed by the student reactions since I think their reactions are more honest and insightful than the survey results. Math Section: Practice Practice Practice Students felt the Math section was very challenging (if not impossible) to finish. Some thought it was more challenging than the ACT Math section which is notoriously hard to finish. This means you must must must drill the pacing of the SAT Math section.Take advantage of every free new SAT Math question available, and practice each one with the accurate timing. Obey the rules of the new SAT Math sections: only use your calculator on the calculator section.Many students struggled on the no calculator Math section.You need to drill your mental math.It’s likely a skill you don’t often use since most high school math classes allow you to use your calculator.Work your mental math muscles.Practice multiplication and finding square roots without a calculator.These are two of the biggest mental math struggles for students. Make sure you know every single concept that is tested on the new SAT Math section.Review the math topics in depth.Practice thehardest SAT math questions. You don't want any confusion on test day! Evidence-Based Reading and Writing: Still Practice In general, students seemed to think the Reading and Writing tests were easier. However,we don't have any data on how students actually did yet just because the reading/writing felt easier doesn't mean it actually was.Students commented that the new SAT passages were more interesting than the often very boring old SAT reading passages.Also, students felt they had enough time to answer all questions related to the passages. While the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section may have seemed easier to students, you still need to prepare for it.You’ll definitely want to get in practice tests while keeping accurate timingto make sure you'll be able to finish the sections. If you're notreaching your target scorefor theEvidence-Based Reading and Writing section on your practice tests, you should check out some of our in-depth strategy guides for the SAT Reading test and the SAT Writing test. Overall New SAT Study Advice Based on the student reactions and survey results, I’d recommend you spend 60% of your SAT study prep on Math and 40% of your SAT study prep on the Reading and Writing tests. On the new SAT, your math score counts for 50% of your composite score (when it used to only be â…“ of your composite).Since the Math is so challenging, you need to put greater emphasis on it.You want to know every concept and be able to answer as many questions as possible in the time allotted. Reading and Writing combined count for 50% of your composite score (when each individually used to count for â…” of your composite).You still want to do well on these sections since they count for 50% of your composite score.Take all the practice tests currently available.Read our study tips, but prioritize Math! What’s Next? Need help with your college application? Learn about how to write a personal statement, how to write about your extracurriculars, and what great letters of recommendationlook like. Interested in attending a top college? Learn about how to get into Harvardand how to get into Stanford. Still prepping for the SAT? Here is the ultimate SAT study guide. If you’re taking the SAT soon, I’d recommend you check out our guide to cramming for the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Management and Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and Organizational Behavior - Essay Example Business organizations are those legal entities that engage themselves in the production of a good or service with the intention of selling it for a profit and are much more focused on the long run survival in achieving organizational goals such as profitability, shareholder satisfaction, market share and share price growth, corporate governance, sustainability, market leadership and so on. However the modern conceptualization of the business organization as a paradigm that sets trends to be followed by societies in which they operate thus influencing the very behavioral dynamics of the members of those societies, is far more revolutionary and thought provoking. It's common practice to construct contingency theoretical and conceptual management frameworks in controlled situations. Thus this framework would encompass a series of endogenous and exogenous variables such as management related conceptual paradigms - management process planning, Human Resource Management (HRM) function, leadership roles, work schedule preparation, quality management function, marketing planning and other related functions. The subsequent framework would engender a theoretically determined structure of aims thus bringing up and addressing related issues. McDonald's has adopted an admixture of employee motivation, organizational leadership and team effort building approaches at its culturally varied network of restaurants in North America and the rest of the world. 2. Analysis George Ritzer (2007) used the term "McDonaldization" in his book "The McDonaldization of Society" for the first time in 1993. According to him social transformation processes can assume such extreme characteristics like that of a fast food restaurant. The contemporaneous paradigm of thought attributed to McDonald's by Ritzer is of theoretical and conceptual significance in the context of the evolving organizational culture. In the first instance the organization's ability to leave an imprint on the societal transformation process by enticing its members to adopt the former's characteristics would inevitably have an impact on the long term organizational outcomes that concern both the society and the organization. McDonald's has become a way of life for some Americans. The same is true for many others in other continents. For instance Asians are highly influenced by McDonald's in their food habits. This subtle and yet highly controversial acculturation process has been at the heart o f the McDonaldization of society.Business organizations operate in their respective environments as determined by organizational structure, culture, leadership, strategic competitive environment and a host of other internal and external influences such as the regulatory framework, PESTEL and SWOT environments. Given the degree of influence under these circumstances, each organization adopts its own leadership style with a view to achieving these organizational goals such as profits, market share growth, higher share prices, quality improvements, brand loyalty, sustainability, benchmarks and so on. These organizational goals can be divided into short term goals and long term goals. Organizational leadership and team building skills play a very significant role here. 2.1. Leadership stylesThere are many different leadership styles in the modern business world and almost every one of them has a particular reason or reasons for its existence. It

Free Trade Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free Trade - Article Example The problem with this type of outsourcing is that it can critically harm the domestic labor market. Ease of service outsourcing has made millions of domestic jobs vulnerable to being outsourced overseas (Wessel & Davis, 2007). The local labor market is likely to suffer shortage in labor supply as labor demand exacerbates. This scenario would likely trigger economic chaos in the affected economy. On the other hand, countries where most services are outsourced to would experience an influx, similarly causing economic imbalances in labor demand and supply. This type of outsourcing has its benefits too. The process keeps globalization running, thereby enhancing global interdependence in trade. Outsourcing along this line also creates opportunities for poor economic performers when they interact with tiger economies. To enhance competition along free trade and communication technology aspects, outsourcing practices should be subject to globally agreed upon regulation procedures. The flow of outsourced services should be controlled by taking into account the economic potential of all economies involved. This would ensure that the magnitude of outsourced services matches the economic potential of the destination country. All variables of free trade would also have to be factored in in enhancing

Organisational Change and Development. Why are there different Essay

Organisational Change and Development. Why are there different perspectives on change within organizations - Essay Example Organizational change has become the popular management theme. The main question whether organizational change is desirable is positively answered by most of the authors. But at the same time the authors do not go with the same kind of changes and on the basis of their different views, the reason for undergoing change also varies. But these authors have in common their support for change in a positive and rational manner. According to Boonstra there are two common approaches which are applied to achieve the desired changes in the organization. Therefore the two approaches are planned change and organizational development approach. These approaches are based on the assumption that an organization needs to be balanced both internally that is within the organization and secondly with the outside world. The change process can be well planned in a rational manner and can be controlled by means such as analysis of the environment, formulation of the goal, development and implementation of strategy. Feedback and interventions plays a role in controlling the change process (Ven, 2011, p.5). In many organizations there still exists a mismatch between the actual working practice and the current realities of the workforce of the organization. One of the reasons for mismatch is the traditional way of working which tends to overlook the diversity of the work culture. A growing number of men and women likes to work in a way which allows them to fulfil their needs and also spend quality time with their family members or can even take part in the other social activities. For example the European workers work in a way that allows them to have a life of their own beyond work. Also a study in Britain revealed that the profession of a Chartered Accountant which generally demands long working hours, most of the youngsters is resisting the work dominated lifestyles of their seniors. The youngster believes that they can work more effectively if they have the opportunity to integrate their professional and personal life. But in reality these benefits tends to be constrain for the organization and it assumes that an ideal employee have no responsibilities beyond work. However it is not only the com position of workforce that is changing but the nature of the job is at a flux. With an increase in the globalization of each sector, people are experiencing an intensification of work. Thus it is not always possible to hold back change but the forces of change can be well utilized or viewed in a positive way (Lewis & Cooper, 2005, p.4). About more than 70% of the change initiatives in the organization either fail or stall prematurely. The goals set are not achieved, policies are not implemented as well as the customers do not experience any changes or improvement in the organizations services air quality of the products. And in the process the employees, staff and the middle men gets confused with the entire change process. It has been found out that in USA majority of the change implemented no do succeed and turns out to be in vain. Thus it can be said that organizational change are difficult and the reason provided for difficulty in adoption of change includes, policy making and strategic management, the exiting structure of the organization, politics and power in organization, the culture of the organization and uncertainties of individual and resistance to change (Boonstra, 2004, p. 2). Significant change does occur within the organization, such as when a certain

The History Of Characteristics Of Monopolistic Competition Economics Essay

The History Of Characteristics Of Monopolistic Competition Economics Essay 1.0Introduction According to the Dominick Salvatore (2009 p.3) microeconomic theory is perhaps the most important course in all economics and business programs. With it we can answer or understand such question as why the price of gold rose sharply in few years; why the price of petrol rose dramatically in 2008s-2010s and declined in 2011s; why the price of sugar rose in few years; why the cereal rose in few years and others. By contrast, microeconomics is the study of individual house household or firms (business units). It focuses on particular parts of the economy. Microeconomics theory provides the tools for understanding how the other economies operate. 2.0 Introduction to Monopoly According to the Cambridge dictionary (second edition) monopoly in microeconomics mean is when a company or organization is the only one in an area of business or activity and has complete control of it. In market structure under the monopoly there is a single seller and large of buyers and selling products. It have no a high entry and the existence of barrier and have no close substitution to other vendors to enter into the market. Examples of products in monopoly market in our country are water, electricity and local telephone services. Our home telephone services are Telekom Malaysia (TM Berhad). Obviously, Telekom Malaysia is a monopoly in market. Through this it can let us know the meaning and reason causing monopoly. Besides that, it also know characteristic of monopoly and how affect or effect in market structure. 3.0 Characteristics of Monopoly 3.1.1 Single Firm Under the monopoly single seller is that the monopoly seller is the market. The market demand for a good is the demand for the output produced by the monopoly. 3.1.2 Barriers to Entry Barriers to entry is anything are designed which artificially to block or prevent the entry of firms entering a market profitably. There are some of the key barriers to entry are patents and copyrights, limit pricing, advertising, international trade restrictions and development expenditure. 3.1.3 Price Maker Single firm produces goods and have a monopoly in an entire market that means it holds a large majority of a stock. With having a large majority of a stock and a single firm makes a decision affect the price of an item in market. As a result, seller has full control over the market price. 3.1.4 Unique Product Single firm produces unique the product and no close substitutes for the product with each other. For example, there is presently no close substitute for Berita Harian, the only Malay language newspaper in Singapore. 4.0 Hypothetical Demand, Total Revenue, and Marginal Revenue Faced by a Monopolist Table 4.1 Hypothetical Demand, Total Revenue, and Marginal Revenue Faced by a Monopolist Figure 4.1 Hypothetical Demand and Marginal Revenue Curves of a Monopolist Since D is a negatively sloped, MR is lower than P. The MR values are plotted at the midpoint of each quantity interval. The MR curve starts at the same point as the D curve and at every point bisect the distance between D and the vertical axis. MR is positive when D is elastic. MR=0 when D is unitary elastic and TR is a maximum. MR is negative when D is inelastic. Table 4.2 Short-Run Total Cost, Marginal Cost, and Average Total Cost FIGURE 4.2 Short-Run Equilibrium of the Monopolist: Marginal Approach The best or optimum level of output of the monopolist is three units. This is given by point G, where MR=MC (and the MC curve intersects the MR curve from below). At Q=3, P=$6 (point A on the demand curve), ATC=$4.50 (point B on the ATC curve), and the monopolist earns $1.50 (AB) per unit of output sold and $4.50in total (shaded area ABCF). At Q MC and total profits rise by increasing Q. At Q>3, MC>MR and total profits rise by reducing Q. 5.0 Summary Characteristics of Monopoly are single firm, Barriers to entry high, unique product, power of firm over price and advertising. Single firm earns more profits in this type of market structure because no close substitute product to replace it. Barrier to entry is high because want to protect the single firm in market. A firm produces the unique products to avoid others firms to produce it. Monopolist has power to control prices of the product. Last, it consists of advertising in this type of market structure. 6.0 Introduction There are many types of market structures characteristics in which will affect the price and nature competition. For example, number of buyers and sellers, product differentiation, and the ease of entry into and exit from the market. Market structures refer to the competitive environment within which a firm operates. Market structures divided into four basic types which is perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. 7.0 Perfect Competition Perfect competition is a type of market in which there are large number of buyers and sellers. The sellers sell identical or homogeneous products. There is also free entry and exists of the firms. Both the sellers and buyers have perfect knowledge of the market. 7.1 Characteristics of Perfect Competition 7.1.1 There are many buyers and sellers of a commodity Reynolds, R. L., (2005, p.2) points out that the idealized perfect competitive insures that no buyers and sellers has any power or ability to influence the price. The perfect competitive market is price takers. Each buyer buys the commodity at the price determined by the market condition. 7.1.2 Homogeneous product The product of an industry in which the outputs of different firms are indistinguishable compare with another product. The homogeneous products are the product where the buyers could not differentiate the products of one seller to another seller. 7.1.3 Perfect knowledge In perfect competition firms, consumers and resource owners have perfect knowledge of all relevant prices and costs in market. No buyers to pay more a price of the product higher than the prevailing price. Similarly, sellers will not set or charge a price higher or lower than the prevailing price. Advertisement has no scope in this type of market. 7.1.4 Resources are perfect mobility This means that inputs or resources are free to move in market. Firms can enter or leave the industry in the long run without much difficultly. That is, there are no artificial barriers like copy rights and trademark or natural barriers such as huge capital requirements to entry into and exit from the industry. 7.2 Monopolistic Competition In monopolistic competitions there are contains many sellers but the products are differentiated. Many sellers produce products are similar but not identical. There are following features of monopolistic competition. 7.3 Characteristics of Monopolistic competition 7.3.1 Differentiated products Differentiated products are products that are similar but not identical and the products are close substitutes products with each other. Sellers cannot set their prices of the products very different from each other. In physical differentiation is through differences in design, material, color and others. Further differentiation of a particular product may be based entirely on some seller location of his shop, kind of service they provide and fair dealing. 7.3.2 Large number of firms Under monopolistic competition there is contains a big number of firms satisfying the market demand of the product. These firms do not produce perfect substitutes but the products which are relatively close substitute for each other. For instance, in soft drink industry, the prices for a can of 330 ml soft drink range among several brands on market today such as Pepsi, Sarsi and Cola-cola 7.3.3 No barriers to entry and exit Firms can also and leave a monopolistically competitive industry. The monopolistic element arises from product differentiation. For example, if à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"MASà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wants to become a company top 10 in international airline system, this firm must find some difference in term of quality of service or facility equipment are provided by the firm. 7.4 Oligopoly According to the Dominick Salvatore 5-edition Principles of Microeconomics (2009, p.330) oligopoly is the form of market organization in which there are few firms of a homogeneous or differentiated product. 3.5 Characteristics of Oligopoly 3.5.1 Few numbers of large firms The firms are few but the size of firms is large. Few firms control overall the market to ensure few number of large firms have a fair amount of market. For example of the oligopoly is Proton and Perodua. 3.5.2 Interdependence Each firm under the oligopoly is can affect the market, making each firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choices dependent on the choices of the other firms. So, they are interdependence. 3.5.3 Barriers to entry Oligopoly is meaning only few firms in the industry with barriers to the entry of new firms. Firms recognize their mutual dependence. 3.5.4 Advertising and selling costs The firms want to increase a greater share in the market and to maximize sale. So, this firm will expend more money on advertisement and other sale promotion. Advertising and selling cost are playing an important role in this type of market structure. 3.5.1 Homogeneous and differentiate products 3.5.2 Homogeneous Product Oligopoly . In market, industries produce intermediate products and sent to other different industries for manufacturing their products. For examples of the homogeneous products are steel and aluminum industries. 3.6.2 Differentiate Product Oligopoly Products manufactured in these markets are for personal consumption. For example of the differentiate product oligopoly is beer, breakfast cereals, detergents, soaps, computers and others. 3.7 Monopoly Monopoly is a single seller and sell the product is unique. Thus, in market structure there are many buyers and selling the product and there are no close substitutes with each other. For example that gave by Dominick Salvatore (2009, p.287) The Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) is a classic example of how a monopoly was created and maintained for almost 50 years. The monopoly was created in the late nineteenth century when Alcoa acquired a patent on the method to remove oxygen from bauxite to obtain aluminum. 3.8 Characteristics of Monopoly 3.8.1 Singer seller in the market There are no close substitutes of the product in the market and no more other competitors in the market. Monopolist can control or affect price is evidence of its monopoly power. 3.8.2 Lack of competition Under the monopoly in market structure there are lacks of competition because there are no close substitute products in market. 4.0 Summary The characteristic of market which is classified as one of four market models are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Perfect competition consists of many sellers and buyers of a commodity, homogeneous products, perfect knowledge, and resources are perfect mobility and no ability to control over the price of a product. Monopolistic competition is involved a large number of firms, differentiated products, no barriers to entry and exit and using advertising to shift demand. Oligopoly which is consist a few number of large firms, interdependence, barriers to entry, advertising and selling costs and homogeneous and differentiate products. Last, monopoly includes of singer seller, lack of competition, unique product and imperfect knowledge. In question 2 the various characteristics between the four types of market structures which are Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly have been discussed. These four types of market structure are different characteristics and it will affect the nature or artificial of competition and the price of the product. The figure 6 is shows about the differentiation of the characteristics of the following market structure. Market structure Perfect competition Monopolistic competition Oligopoly Monopoly Number of producers Many Many Few One Type of product Standardized Differentiated Standardized or differentiated Unique product Power of firm over price None Some Some Considerable Barriers to entry Low Low High Very high Non-price competition None Advertising and product differentiation Advertising and product differentiation Advertising Examples Parts of agriculture are reasonable close Pepsi Computer, oil Telekom

tyger :: essays research papers

The Tyger In the poem the tyger William Blake shows a lot of symbolism, imagery, and irony. He likes to explain to his audience how he writes with all the knowledge he knows. Reading this poem makes me think of how a person feels when he is taken advantage of at work. Like when ones work is difficult to cope with, suffering, and pain is all that is left. It seems to that in the end all the pain endured happens to what is left for this person and suffering is what hurts the most. William Blake shows symbolism in this part of the poem, â€Å" In the forest of the night,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (line 2). This part shows that you can be trapped from your work or even your life. â€Å" what immortal hand or eye could frame thy fearful symmetry?’† ( line 3-4). This part shows how much struggle he has in his life and all the pain he feels in his life. â€Å" in what distant deeps or skies burnt the fire of thine eyes.† (line 5-6). He shows his emotions and how much anger that was built up in his heart. He feels like crying because he is frustrated. â€Å"What the hammer? What the chain†. ( line 13). This shows that his been treated like a slave and has endured what slaves endued like working on the rail roads. â€Å"When the stars threw down their spears, and watered with their tears, (lines 17-8). Shows that he has mellowed down and is ready to accept all that has happen to him. â€Å"Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the lamb make thee? â€Å"( lines 19-20). He is talking to god and its bringing out his emotions. Asking for forgiveness and wants to be treated normal in his life.† Tyger! Tyger! Burning bright in the forest of the night,† ( lines 21-22). This phrase started in the beginning and ended at the end. Its because it’s the true meaning behind the whole poem no matter what you do or how hard you work there is always something that gonna take you down. throughout the poem I have seen a lot of Irony and symbolism. The parts that I chose from the poem brings out a lot of pain, suffering, hard work. tyger :: essays research papers The Tyger In the poem the tyger William Blake shows a lot of symbolism, imagery, and irony. He likes to explain to his audience how he writes with all the knowledge he knows. Reading this poem makes me think of how a person feels when he is taken advantage of at work. Like when ones work is difficult to cope with, suffering, and pain is all that is left. It seems to that in the end all the pain endured happens to what is left for this person and suffering is what hurts the most. William Blake shows symbolism in this part of the poem, â€Å" In the forest of the night,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (line 2). This part shows that you can be trapped from your work or even your life. â€Å" what immortal hand or eye could frame thy fearful symmetry?’† ( line 3-4). This part shows how much struggle he has in his life and all the pain he feels in his life. â€Å" in what distant deeps or skies burnt the fire of thine eyes.† (line 5-6). He shows his emotions and how much anger that was built up in his heart. He feels like crying because he is frustrated. â€Å"What the hammer? What the chain†. ( line 13). This shows that his been treated like a slave and has endured what slaves endued like working on the rail roads. â€Å"When the stars threw down their spears, and watered with their tears, (lines 17-8). Shows that he has mellowed down and is ready to accept all that has happen to him. â€Å"Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the lamb make thee? â€Å"( lines 19-20). He is talking to god and its bringing out his emotions. Asking for forgiveness and wants to be treated normal in his life.† Tyger! Tyger! Burning bright in the forest of the night,† ( lines 21-22). This phrase started in the beginning and ended at the end. Its because it’s the true meaning behind the whole poem no matter what you do or how hard you work there is always something that gonna take you down. throughout the poem I have seen a lot of Irony and symbolism. The parts that I chose from the poem brings out a lot of pain, suffering, hard work.

Project Estimating Techniques Essay

One of the most important factors to the success of a project is how well the project is estimated, as well as how overall costs are managed during the execution phase by the project manager. Project costs and estimates are vital to the success of any organization to remain competitive in the market. Cost estimating for organizations rely heavily on resources that can sometimes be difficult to obtain. Forecasting and utilizing historical return costs are just a couple of ways that organizations rely on estimating. Experienced planners are often a sought trade within the market; this paper will discuss some often used project cost estimating techniques. Types of Estimating The first type of estimating is analogous. This type of estimating utilizes estimates from a previous project that is similar, and uses them to build estimates for the new project. While this type of estimating is beneficial to the planning process, caution must be used to ensure that estimates carried over from the previous project are fair and reasonable. Parametric estimation takes historical data inputs, makes calculated assumptions based on market and statistical data, and then formulates the estimate. This type of estimating is useful as it does use historical data, coupled with statistical data; however, assumptions made by the planner can be skewed and lead to inaccurate estimates in my opinion. The next type of estimating is bottom-up. Bottom-up estimating utilizes information from individual estimates through the Work Break Down structure. This type of estimating is one of the most common types of estimating because it uses estimates from the floor tasks. These floor tasks are estimated by subject matter experts with years of experience, and can be very beneficial to ensuring that not only the estimate is accurate, but the scope of the task is correct. Another type of estimating is three-point estimating. Three-point estimating takes a look at the best, worst, and most realistic scenario to cost estimating the project. These three options obviously come with a  premium on cost, time, or quality. Dependent on what the project objective is will more than likely determine what route to take in this process. From my work experience with project planning, cost estimating can be a very difficult task. Most organizations have a method or process in how to cost estimate. Some utilize checklists, while others may standard operating procedures as part of an organizational policy. Regardless of what tools are available to a project team during the cost estimating process, knowing the overall goals and objectives of the project are keys to estimating a successful project. The burden of cost estimating is not normally the responsibility of one individual; it often lies within the project team. Multiple estimators from various skills are part of the process, and all types of estimating as discussed earlier are part of the process. Tools that my organization utilizes are bid specification review meetings that go over the material, labor, and rates that apply to the work being conducted during the project. In addition, an independent government estimate (IGE) is utilized to ensure that estimates are filled out thoroughly, and reviewed against the contractor’s estimates upon receipt. There are many other processes that can be used; however, these are the most commonly one’s used within government estimating. Conclusion Cost estimating is a very important part of the project planning process as it often dictates the duration of the project, and how much work can be accomplished during the project against the budget given for the project. Estimates of time and cost together allow the manager to develop a time-phased budget, which is imperative for project control (Larson & Gray, 2014, p. 131). While there are many different ways that estimates are created, there is no sure fire way in stating that one is better than the other. While some may think that historical data is a more accurate way, there is not telling that the estimate and return costs from a previous project were fair and reasonable. If the previous project cost was overestimated, then the current project would continue to be overestimated; therefore not proving to be a cost benefit to the organization. Cost estimating drives the project plan, and organizations need to ensure they utilize all the tools and resources they have available to them to make the  project a success. Reference Larson, E. W., & Gray, C. F. (2014). Project Management: The Managerial Process (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Psychosocial theory by Erik Erikson

Psychosocial theory by Erik Erikson Temperaments in human beings come in opposing pairs. One could either be emotional or unemotional, independent or dependent, aggressive or passive, adventurous or cautious, optimistic or pessimistic, leader or follower etc. Most of the mentioned character traits are inborn but some are developed based on past challenges and support.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychosocial theory by Erik Erikson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his study, Erik Erikson discovered the dependence of behavior on culture and external stimuli like depression and wars. This paper explores the psychosocial theory of Erik Erikson and analyses its application in professional practice (Cherry, 2010, p. 1). Erikson’s psychosocial theory basically divides life into eight â€Å"psychosocial crises† that determine growth and personality. Each of these crises has a â€Å"syntonic and a dystonic† which are the two opposing emotional forces/dispositions. Although the stages are experienced in a fixed sequence, their timings depend on individuals and circumstances. Thus Erikson did not use strict age definitions in his theory. The crises are as follows: Trust V Mistrust. Erikson stipulated that a healthy balance between the two dispositions is achieved if an infant is taken care of and not over-protected or over-indulged. Autonomy V Shame Doubt. A child develops basic confidence or over-reliance on other people from his/her parents reactions during early stages like the potty stage. Initiative V Guilt. The level of encouragement of children to indulge in game playing and adventure makes them develop the ability to devise projects or the fear of disapproval. Industry V Inferiority. A child who positively succeeds, especially, during school years will be industrious. Contrarily, a child who fails in an activity will get a feeling of inferiority and uselessness and thus he/she will fear purpose ful activities. Identity V Role confusion. During adolescence, people either develop individuality or lack of identity (identity crisis) depending on their experiences. Intimacy V Isolation. This is also known as young adulthood. People seek companionships and love in this stage. A person will therefore decide to be intimate or lonely depending on earlier experiences. Generativity V Stagnation. This stage determines if a person will be selfless in giving and caring especially for his children. It can also be extended to productive activities. Its negative side is self-absorption and self-interest. Integrity V Despair. At this stage, a person is either in peace with himself/herself and the world or he/she feels that he/she has not lived the way they ought to have lived. It is therefore a review of one’s own life even before old age (Winters, 2005, p. 1). Successful transition through each stage is achieved by balancing of the conflicting extremes. Therefore, inclination towar ds the desirable extreme will lead to under-development. Thus Erikson shows that too much of syntonic dispositions do not translate to a well-balanced personality (Cherry, 2010, p. 3). Erikson was a humanitarian as well as a psychoanalyst and therefore his theory has extensive applicability in practice. The theory is applicable in all situations involving personal development and awareness. With its strength in explaining the development of behavior in people, it can be used to ensure healthy behavioral development. It can also be used to mitigate the effects of negative behavior developed by a person in earlier stages. Thus the person can be controlled to ensure that his/her later stages are not affected by failures in earlier stages. From the above explanation, Erikson’s theory is applicable in parenting, managing and coaching, self understanding, dealing with conflict, teaching, etc. Given the contemporary pressures on relationships and personal fulfillment and development , Erikson’s theory is, probably, more applicable today than when it was first outlined (Cherry, 2010, p. 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theory also shows the undeniable influence of generations on each other. He shows how parental actions can affect the development of a child and how a parent’s psychosocial development can be affected by the pressures of raising their children. This analysis can be very useful in guiding parental actions to ensure that parents do not affect the psychosocial development of their children negatively. This will have dual productivity by leading to well-balanced psychosocial development of the child and the parent since a parent’s Integrity V Despair stage is highly determined by the success that the parent has achieved in raising his/her children. The outcome of most of the discussed stages is dependent o n the maintenance of a positive attitude in challenging situations. The theory can therefore be applied by psychiatrists to identify challenges that could impact the psychosocial lives of their clients and ensure that the effects of these challenges are mitigated (Harder, 2002, p. 1). Reference List Cherry, K. (2010). Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. Web. Harder, A. (2002). The Developmental Stages of Erik Erikson. Web. Winters, A. (2005). Erikson’s Theory of Human Development. Web.

Romance in the Workplace essays

Romance in the Workplace essays Whats love got to do with it? Quite a lot, actually. To answer Tina Turners proverbial question, this section of the research paper deals with romance and how it affects ones behavior in the workplace. First, the term "romantic relationship" suggests that we will be examining relationships between two people in which some element of sexuality or physical intimacy exists. In so doing, we note the difference between perceived romantic relationships (i.e., relationships that non-participants believe have a sexual component) and actual romantic relationships (i.e., relationships between participants that actually have a sexual component). The one may lead to the other, but does not necessarily imply the other. Coworkers who are romantically involved may successfully keep that aspect of their relationship secret from others, and/or others may suspect that two people are romantically involved when in fact they are not. Second, the term "romantic relationship" suggests that the relationship is a welcome one for both partners. If the relationship is welcomed by one partner but not the other, it is likely to constitute sexual harassment rather than what we would consider a romantic relationship because one party may be forcing his or her will on the other. Some observers believe that virtually all romantic relationships in organizational settings constitute sexual harassment because they arise more for reasons of men's domination and control of women than for reasons of mutual sexual interest (e.g., MacKinnon, 1979; Tancred-Sheriff, 1989). We as a group do not subscribe to this view. However, we acknowledge that a romantic relationship may become sexual harassment when one partner no longer welcomes the sexual component of the relationship. Third, our reference to romantic relationships "in organizational settings" suggests that we will be examining romantic relationships between two members of the same organization or ...

Litterature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Litterature - Essay Example Baldwin’s socio-economic, gender, racial, and religious conditions shape a personal-universal writing style, which aims to write for people who establish and develop their identities, using their own frame of references. Cultural Issues and Influences Baldwin’s cultural issues intersect concerns for race, gender, and class, where Harlem is one of the strongest cultural influences on Baldwin. The poverty of his family and neighborhood and the religiosity of his stepfather affected his work aesthetics and style. Gerald Meyer believes that the key to understanding Baldwin’s politics is through analyzing his Harlem roots and culture. While some writers like Langston Hughes saw Harlem as a black Mecca, Baldwin lived in it and remembers it as a ghetto.† Baldwin’s â€Å"The Harlem Ghetto† dispels notions of aesthetic greatness that some writers attribute to it: †¦the buildings are old and in desperate need of repair, the streets are crowded and dirty; there are too many human beings per square mile†¦ All of Harlem is a place pervaded by a sense of congestion, rather like the insistent, maddening, claustrophobic pounding in the skull that comes from trying to breathe in a very small room with all the windows shut.† (39 qtd. in Meyer 274). ... Furthermore, though coming from a low economic status with racial and gender concerns, Baldwin resists being a black fundamentalist or to conform to any label. Instead, he supports diverse views, a devotion which signifies his multiracial and multi-gender politics. He does not want to be seen as a Negro writer or as a gay writer per se (Field 7). In writing for all, nevertheless, critics charged him for having no unifying ideology. Francois Burgess disparages Baldwin’s works as being too broad: â€Å"Alone among Black contemporary writers, Baldwin could not or did not know how to find a central ideology that would give to his work coherence and unity† (Bobia 54 qtd. in Field 7). But this paper believes that Baldwin only writes from what he feels is personally right, which resonate with those who experience or witness the same struggles. Baldwin does not have to conform to the frameworks and labels of others to become the writer that he wants to be. Aside from Harlem, Pa ris shaped Baldwin’s writings through the theme of expatriation. Baldwin leaves America, not only because he is disillusioned with the persecution of his race and gender in the U.S., but more so because he wants to distance himself from these struggles, in order to find his identity, including his writing voice. Price describes Baldwin’s Parisian stopover as a â€Å"liberating experience,† that gives him â€Å"the sanction, if one can accept it, to become oneself† (313 qtd. in Tomlinson 136). Baldwin cannot be himself in a society that attacks him from different sides. The physical distance refreshes him, reminding him of his roles and functions as a writer and as an American. Robert Tomlinson argues that the theme of expatriation in Baldwin’s works

Network Organization, Addressing, and Routing Protocols Research Paper

Network Organization, Addressing, and Routing Protocols - Research Paper Example The database maintaining a routing table develops a shortest path tree. The routes are than calculated the routes while minimizing the use of bandwidth ("Open Shortest Path First." 353-353). However, for a successful OSPF deployment, defining are boundaries and address assignment is essential. (Thomas 800) if all these domains are addressed adequately, the output will make all the difference. These domains are categorized in six different sections illustrated below: OSPF Network Topology OSPF Addressing and Route Summarization OSPF Route Selection OSPF Convergence OSPF Network Scalability OSPF Security In order to achieve the desired objectives, OSPF will ensure data redundancy over the network. Routers without OSPF enabled configuration will only be able to efficiently communicate routing information with other routers and do not provide redundancy, minimum network utilization and identification of the shortest path (Moy 339). However, there are some considerations that must be take n in to account for implementing network redundancy in OSPF. In order to implement a redundant network with OSPF there must be a backbone line. Moreover, the size of the backbone link must be appropriate, as every router located on the backbone requires reconfiguration for the routes whenever every state of the link changes. On the other hand, if the size of the backbone is small, the likelihood for change is minimized along with the quantity of CPU cycles that is required to re configure routes. Furthermore, OSPF backbone must be synchronized and all the routers should be directly connected (Moy 339). As OSPF comprises of virtual links, they establish a path between two border routers that are not directly terminated on the backbone link. Likewise, these virtual links are utilized for reconciling segregated backbone. Lastly, locating workstations, servers or shared network resources on the backbone are not a suitable option, as their absence makes the environment more stable and ea sy. On the other hand, OSPF enabled routers will ensure shortest path for transmitting data in time and with few hops. Moreover, routing loops can be considered as an alternative to OSPF but have certain drawbacks. For instance, data collision can be unexpected and unmanageable within the network. Therefore, OSPF is recommended for data redundancy along with eliminating traffic bottlenecks that may occur (Moy 339). The newly established IP version 6 protocol integration with OSPF facilitates for achieving the desired outcomes from the network. Moreover, OSPF is considered as an adaptive routing technique that synchronizes with business networks via Internet Protocol and provides link state routing. This algorithm is beneficial for business networks because large amount of data is exchanged with high redundancy and efficiency. The ultimate benefit for deploying link state routing is the cost, as it is considered as a cost effective solution (Moy 339). OSPF adoption provides an infras tructure for interior gateway that is beneficial for minimizing for excluding erroneous routing tables, minimizing memory usage and limits the usability on processors that are involved in the process. For satisfying the appetite of bandwidth hungry applications, advanced network protocols are essential to maintain even a network for small medium enterprises. Apart from its benefits to business networks,

To what extent is it still true to say that legal justice in England Essay - 1

To what extent is it still true to say that legal justice in England and Wales rests upon adversarialism - Essay Example In such a system a decision is arrived at by a neutral decision maker on the basis of the details furnished by the parties. In respect of criminal cases two decision makers will be present, namely the judge and the jury; the duty of the former is to decide on the legal aspects whereas the duty of the latter is confined to factual issues.2 Moreover, the large number of legal commentators has designated the Australian and American legal systems as being adversarial legal systems. â€Å"Such classification is made because the primary and dominant legal procedure in this system is adjudication on legal disputes defined by the parties who bring those disputes to court for adjudication†3. The adoption of an adversarial system in England has been attributed to first, the practice of compurgation. This practice was an Anglo-Saxon defence in which several persons were made to testify in respect of a person’s innocence and second, the culmination of the extant English legal procedures like trial by jury and private prosecution4. I believe strongly that our adversarial process is the most effective way of trying criminal issues. However, the legal system has begun to recognise that pure adversarialism does not always produce justice, and more effort is now going into establishing areas of consensus between prosecution and defence. For example, judges are reining in needless, destructive cross-examination which puts people such as rape victims on trial, and procedures are being invented to prevent ambush tactics which involve one side taking the other completely by surprise5. The English legal system is primarily adversarial in composition. In this system resolution of issues is achieved by means of argument between the disputing parties in the presence of the presiding judge. This organization is methodical but costly and a considerable amount of time is taken in deciding

Qantas Case Study Essay Example for Free

Qantas Case Study Essay It is the world’s second oldest airline, and has a successful history to uphold. Over the next 5 years Qantas aims to hedge fuel prices and use more efficient aircraft to limit further fuel costs improve employee/employer relationships by reducing the number of employment relations disputes and retain corporate market share by enhancing facilities and lounges to appeal to corporate travellers. Change management is viewed by   Alan Joyce as a critical component Reasons for current business planning What were the critical factors that led to Qantas’ decision to move some of their operations off shore? 3 2. What then happened once the decision was made4 – What change management processes needed to have taken place? 4 Were the change management processes well managed? 4 What could they have done better to counteract the disgruntled union and workers? 4 3. Where is Qantas now in its competitive positioning both locally and internationally?

Evolution of Race in State Development

Evolution of Race in State Development Examine critically the view that the idea of ‘race’ is endemic to the formation of the modern state. The critical examination mandated by the present question requires an introductory note concerning the appropriate definition to be employed regarding the terms formation and racism. Formation is suggested to be a less than ideal expression to describe the processes of modern state development. In this sense the term evolution is preferred as the more accurate and organic experience of modern state development. Racism is a more complicated term due to the variance between its dictionary meanings and etymology on one side, and its popular connotations on the other. The meaning of racism is both closely associated and intermingled with its near cousins culture and ethnicity. It is important to bear in mind as this examination is advanced that racism may be considered as both a scientific term and as a catch –all descriptor for all manner of conduct and attitudes that fosters the discrimination or antipathy of one person or group against another. This review will proceed on three distinct but related lines of examination: (1) how racism should be conceptualised (2) the legal definition of racism as it has developed in the UK, the European Union and in other jurisdiction as a pluralistic societal initiative (3) examples of how racism has contributed to the development path taken by modern nations. Sports examples are tendered as illustrations of how racism in modern culture remains a constant in the face of wide ranging legislative schemes aimed to eradicate it. The concept of racism Racism has been explained by way of both science and social perspectives through history. From a purely biological orientation, debate has raged as to whether there are distinct physiological differences between various peoples sufficient to permit a rational, science based differentiation between them; DNA research and the genome projects confirm this distinction exists to a slight degree in all fundamental human construction.[1] In modern times, where Western societies have attempted to formulate a comprehensive definition of race, an overwhelmingly white / Caucasian identity is invoked as the societal norm, with others who are not a part of the white definition cast in the position as a racial ‘other’.[2] Goldberg and other academic commentators have employed the contrasting analytical devices of racial naturalism, where race is accepted as an outgrowth of science, and racial historianism, the concept that shapes and defines race through legal enactment.[3] The historian view of race implicitly involves a consideration of racism as an evolving concept. Much academic commentary has considered racism in terms of outsiders, even where the population subject to racial treatment was born within the nation. Paul Gilroy had considered a defined ‘new racism’ in the UK in the late 1980s not to be exclusively linked to skin colour or other physiological differences between humans, but a logical extension of ‘†¦discourses of patriotism, nationalism, xenophobia, Englishness, Britishness, militarism and gender differences’[4] – a sweeping rationale that represents the basis for national anti-racism legislation. It is submitted that Gilroy’s observation is much keener than the ability of the law to counter the problem. Racism is rooted in the establishment of separate and conflicting identities within a society, where a people define themselves as the norm, and those different to them are automatically presumed to possess all opposite characteristics.[5] The Enlightment thinking that was powered by the philosophies of Hobbes and Locke, among others, has also been the subject of significant criticism as the root cause of racism in modern state evolution. This approach centres upon the Enlightment era reverence for rationality, where the conclusion that there must be positions of natural superiority and inferiority between races was regarded as a scientific outcome. Emphasis upon enlightened and rational thought placed Europe and the supposed civility its race in contrast with all primitive places. In contrast, other commentators have placed racism on a different historical footing. The leaders of the Enlightment did not articulate racial principles or a presumed white European superiority to a significant degree. [6] Malik places the historical progression of the racial definition as one of class distinctions, with racial divisions bearing a greater relation to economic status than physiology.[7] As nations were elevated in status throughout the nineteenth century, it is suggested that imperialism is an intrinsically racist concept; the subjugation of another people, by relatively peaceful colonialism or starker military conquest, requires a national mindset of superiority.[8] The encoding of race has also been a distinctly evolutionary process. ‘Black’ (or worse) was a simple blunt force description of the racial distinction between the Caribbean immigrants to the UK and Canada during the 1950s and 1960s; in modern times, the code words of immigration and naturalisation carry a subtle but equally powerful message.[9] Racism has evolved to both include and modify popular concepts of culture and ethnicity. Whether one accepts race as a genetic based circumstance, or as a purely social invention, it clearly exists and prospers in Western culture. In modern societies, racism has expanded dynamically as a concept to occupy the same ground as ethnicity, where each has become interchangeable with the other as a means of differentiation. Ethnicity occupies this common ground with racism because it relies upon racial principles in its definition. In each of the five circumstances enumerated as ‘ethnicity’ generated in a society, namely: the existence of an urban visible minority; ethno national groups, such as the Kurds in Turkey; distinct groups that exist in plural societies (e.g. Asian and Caribbean peoples who live within the UK); indigenous minorities, such as North American or Scandinavian native peoples; post-slavery minorities, such as Afro-Brazilians. Each ethnic definition contains a racial thread.[10] For the purposes of the legal definition outlined below, ethnicity and racism are afforded similar treatment. The legal definition of racism is at once subtle and bluntly constructed. Legislated definitions, such as those contained in the UK Race Relations Act[11] or the European Convention of Human Rights[12], are comprehensive in their scope. It is equally important to note that such definitions are often an ‘after the fact’ response to societal change, not a signpost for a nation’s future. The UK legislation enacted in 1976 was built upon the legacy of the Notting Hill riots and the ‘moral panic’ associated with black street crime in urban Britain of the early 1970s.[13] It is impossible for modern states to enact laws that map a future treatment of racism, as ethnic boundaries are in a constants state of flux. Germany’s uneasy relationship with its Muslim minority is generally cast in racial terms that incorporate the religious, cultural and linguistic differences of the migrant labour attracted to the formed West Germany in the late 1970s.[14] Statutes that proclaim as a purpose the eradication of racism are a constant in modern pluralistic Western nations. The Race Relations Act as interpreted by the House of Lords in Mandla[15] determined that British Sikh people were a racial, as opposed to a religious or cultural group within the meaning of the Act; race was defined by the Law Lords as a combination of a long common history, a distinct cultural tradition, and any confluence of the factors of geography, language, literature, religion or the existence of the people within a larger community. The effect of Article 14, ECHR, combined with Protocol 12 of the Community and the UK Human Rights Act reinforces this definition. In this sense, the law dictates race. In 1982 the enshrined constitution of Canada elevated racial and cultural diversity to a fundamental national status.[16]The Australian constitution embraces a similar regime. These nations are highlighted here to illustrate the evolution in racial notions in these states, as both countries had previously engaged in efforts to assimilate its aboriginal peoples into a mainstream white culture.[17] Each country was overtaken by the realisation that pluralism and multiculturalism were desirable societal goals, with pluralism used as its own code for racial / ethnic diversity. Declining birth rates throughout the Western world have created a dichotomy between the economic imperative to boost population and labour forces through immigration, and ethnic / racial attitudes.[18] It is suggested that simply legislating an end to such societal strife will be unsuccessful. Fitzpatrick’s Mythology of Modern Law[19] and the theories of H.L.A. Hart[20] share an important explanatory principle as to why racism exists among peoples. Fitzpatrick’s myth basis to modern law and Hart’s concepts of pre-legal societies that are founded upon shared cultural traditions and observances each exclude those who are different. The relationship between racism and economic standing mentioned briefly above is also important in this context. It is contended that a wholesale economic re-ordering of the world nations would do more to achieve racial harmony than any legislation. The United States, Brazil and South Africa are prime examples of nations where modern racism and socio-economic status are indistinguishable. [21] On one level, sport may seem an odd illustration of racism in the modern state. In the predominately white cultures of the UK, USA, and Canada, the black athlete is a well – established figure, particularly in the professional arenas. It is submitted that the elimination of racism in sport has proved as illusory as with any other segment of society. Owusu detailed the contradictory aspects of race in UK athletics through the contention that black athletes are rewarded if they publicly espouse the view that racism is non-existent in UK sport; those athletes who express contrary opinions as to the fact of racism are characterised as paranoid or ungrateful.[22] UK sprinter Linford Christie and boxer Frank Bruno are presented as the opposite ends of this argument – each man is of Caribbean heritage who achieved success in athletic pursuits. Bruno never achieved the ultimate success in his sport, but maintained a steadfast image as a ‘mainstream’ athlete, while Christie was outspoken throughout his career regarding the UK athletics establishment. . It was Christie who was cast as a disruptor of the normative codes for the UK black athlete.[23] There is little question that racism is endemic in the progression of the development of all Western nations. The period that has followed World War II has been marked by ever-increasing contact between peoples of different national origin, cultures, traditions, and heritage. The black letter of the law is not necessarily a stimulus to changes in racial attitude, as the multi-faceted physiological, ethnic and economic creature cannot be eliminated by legislation alone. Bibliography BBC News ‘Polish Immigration’ (June 16, 2006) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/uk_news/england/5080924.stm (Accessed April 22, 2007) BBC News ‘Coe’s racial jibe’ (2001) http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/1171320.stm (Accessed April 22, 2007) BBC News ‘History of UK race laws’ (December 13, 2005) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4510062.stm (Accessed April 22, 2007) Fitzpatrick, Peter (1992), The Mythology of Modern Law (New York: Routledge) Guardian ‘Since when did Seb Coe learn to Jive talk?’ (2001) http://sport.guardian.co.uk/print/0,,5274602-108365,00.html Gilroy, P. (1987) There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation (London: Routledge) Goldberg, David Theo (1993) Racist Culture (Oxford: Blackwell) Goldberg, David Theo (2002) The Racial State (Oxford: Blackwell) Hart, H.L.A. (1961) The Concepts of Law (Oxford: Clarendon) Keita, L. (2002) The Problem of Race in the 21st Century The Western Journal of Black Studies 26: 1, 55 Malik, Kenan (1996) The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society (New York: NYU Press) Miller, Mark J. â€Å"Muslim Immigration to Europe† (University of Delaware) http://www.udel.edu/poscir/mjmiller/MuslimImmigrationtoEurope (Minaret)-1.htm (Accessed April 22, 2007) Owusu, Kwesi (2000) Black British Culture and Society: A Text reader (London: Routledge) Riese, Matt ‘The Biological Meaning of â€Å"Race†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Spring 2005), University of California at Santa Cruz http://www.cbse.ucsc.edu/pdf_library/MeaningOfRace_Riese101005.pdf (Accessed April 21, 2007) Solomos, John and Martin Bulmer (2004) Researching Race and Racism (New York: Routledge) Routledge Thomas, Cora (2001) Australian Aborigines to White Australians Australian Aboriginal Studies 1, 21 Thompson, Kenneth (1998) Moral Panics London: Routledge Werner F. Menski (2005) Immigration and multiculturalism in Britain: New issues in research and policy http://www.art.man.ac.uk/CASAS/pdfpapers/osakalecture.pdf (Accessed April 22, 2007) Table of Cases Mandla v Dowell Lee [1983] 2 AC 548 Table of Statutes and Conventions European Convention on Human Rights Race Relations Act, 1976 1 Footnotes [1] See for example, Riese, Matt ‘The Biological Meaning of â€Å"Race†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Spring 2005), University of California at Santa Cruz, 1, 3 [2] Goldberg, David Theo (1993) Racist Culture [3] Goldberg, (2002) The Racial State, 143 [4] Gilroy, Paul (1987) There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation, 41 [5] Fitzpatrick, Peter (1992), The Mythology of Modern Law, 101 [6] Malik, Kenan (1996) The Meaning of Race, 54 [7] ibid [8] C.f. Kipling’s ironic â€Å"White Man’s Burden’ (1899) [9] Keita, L. (2002) The Problem of Race in the 21st Century The Western Journal of Black Studies 26: 1, 55 [10] Werner F. Menski (2005) Immigration and multiculturalism in Britain: New issues in research and policy, 1, 10 [11] Race Relations Act, 1976 (and as amended, 2001) [12] Article 14 [13] See Thompson, Kenneth (1998) Moral Panics London: Routledge 14 Miller, Mark J. â€Å"Muslim Immigration to Europe† University of Delaware http://www.udel.edu/poscir/mjmiller/MuslimImmigrationtoEurope(Minaret)-1.htm (Accessed April 22, 2007) 15 Mandla v Dowell Lee [1983] 2 AC 548 [14] [15] [16] Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s.7, 15 [17] E.g. Curry, Bill and Karen Haslett, (2007) Residential schools Globe and Mail (Toronto) (April 24, 2007, p A14); Thomas, Cora (2001) Australian Aborigines to White Australians Australian Aboriginal Studies 1, 21 [18] A recent ethnic issue that makes this point in the UK is BBC News ‘Polish Immigration’ (June 16, 2006) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/uk_news/england/5080924.stm [19] (1992) [20](1961) The Concepts of Law [21]Keita, L. (2002) The Problem of Race in the 21st Century The Western Journal of Black Studies 26: 1, 55 [22] Owusu, Kwesi (2000) Black British Culture and Society: A Text reader (London: Routledge), 9 [23] ibid